Excavation RAMS Guide for UK Contractors

Key Topics in an Excavation RAMS

Permit to dig

On most sites with buried services, a permit to dig system is required before any excavation starts. The permit records that service drawings have been reviewed, CAT/Genny survey has been carried out, safe dig zone has been confirmed, and a responsible person has authorised the excavation to proceed. The RAMS must reference the permit to dig procedure.

CAT and Genny survey

Cable avoidance tool (CAT) and signal generator (Genny) survey must be carried out by a trained operator before excavation. The RAMS must name the trained operator and confirm that utility records from relevant utility owners (available via LSBUD or individual requests) have been reviewed.

Trench support

Excavations more than 1.2 m deep in normal ground, or shallower in poor or disturbed ground, require support: battering to a safe angle, benching, hydraulic trench box, or timber shoring. The RAMS must state the trench depth, soil conditions encountered, and support method used. A Temporary Works Coordinator (TWC) is required for shoring designs.

Trench inspections

Excavations must be inspected: at the start of each shift, after any event (rainfall, vehicle movement near the edge), and after any fall of material. Inspections must be recorded by a competent person. The RAMS must name the competent person and state the inspection frequency.

Rescue arrangements

The RAMS must describe how an operative would be rescued from a collapsed excavation or one with accumulating gas. This must not simply say “call 999” — it must include: who monitors from above, what rescue equipment is on site, and the sequence of actions before emergency services arrive.